Period Pain

What is Period Pain?

Period pain is caused by the uterus contracting to shed its lining during menstruation. These contractions can reduce blood flow to the womb, causing cramping pain in the lower abdomen or back. While mild cramps are common, severe pain can affect daily activities and may signal an underlying condition.

Causes of Period Pain

Period pain may be due to:

• Normal uterine contractions during your cycle
• High levels of prostaglandins (hormone-like substances that trigger stronger contractions)
• Underlying conditions like endometriosis, fibroids, or pelvic inflammatory disease (if pain is severe or worsens over time)

Symptoms of Period Pain

Common signs include:

• Cramping pain in the lower abdomen
• Pain radiating to the lower back or thighs
• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhoea or loose stools
• Headaches
• Fatigue

How to relieve Period Pain at home

Simple lifestyle measures can help reduce discomfort:

• Apply a heat pad or hot water bottle to your lower abdomen.
• Massage your lower belly in gentle circular motions.
• Stay active with light exercise like walking or yoga.
• Eat a balanced diet and stay hydrated.
• Practise relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or meditation.

What treatments are available for Period Pain?

Over-the-counter options include:

• Ibuprofen & other NSAIDs – reduce pain and inflammation by lowering prostaglandin levels.
• Paracetamol – relieves mild to moderate pain.
• Heat patches – provide constant warmth for up to 8 hours.
• Combined oral contraceptives (under prescription) – can reduce period pain in some cases.

When to see doctor about Period Pain

Consult your GP if you have:

• Severe pain that doesn’t improve with painkillers or self-care
• Symptoms that worsen over time
• Pain between periods or during sex
• Heavy bleeding or bleeding between periods
• Fever or unusual vaginal discharge

These may be signs of underlying conditions like endometriosis or fibroids.