Nasal Congestion

What is Nasal Congestion?

Nasal congestion happens when the tissues and blood vessels inside your nose become swollen with excess fluid, leading to a stuffy or blocked feeling. It’s often caused by viral infections like colds or flu, but allergies, sinus infections, or irritants (e.g., smoke, pollution) can also trigger congestion.

Causes of a Blocked Nose

Common causes of nasal congestion include:

• Colds & flu – viral infections that inflame nasal passages
• Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) – allergies to pollen, dust, or pet dander
• Sinusitis – inflammation of the sinuses
• Environmental irritants – smoke, perfumes, pollution
• Weather changes – cold, dry air can irritate nasal tissues

Symptoms of Nasal Congestion

You may experience:

• Stuffy or runny nose
• Difficulty breathing through your nose
• Sinus pressure or facial pain
• Reduced sense of smell or taste
• Snoring or trouble sleeping

How to prevent Nasal Congestion

Taking small steps in your daily routine can help reduce your risk of developing nasal congestion, especially if you are prone to allergies or frequent colds:

• Keep your home clean and dust-free to minimise allergens like dust mites and pet dander.
• Use an air purifier or keep windows closed during high pollen seasons if you have hay fever.
• Stay hydrated to keep nasal passages moist and mucus thin.
• Wash your hands regularly to avoid catching colds or flu viruses.
• Avoid exposure to cigarette smoke, strong perfumes, or pollution, which can irritate nasal tissues.
• Use a humidifier in dry environments to prevent nasal passages from drying out and becoming irritated.

How to treat Nasal Congestion

If you’re already experiencing a blocked nose, effective treatments can help you breathe easier and relieve discomfort. Over-the-counter options include:

Decongestant Nasal Sprays

Products like Otrivine Nasal Spray work by shrinking swollen nasal blood vessels, quickly opening your airways and reducing congestion. Use them only for short periods (up to 5 days) to avoid rebound congestion.

Saline Nasal Sprays & Rinses

Sprays such as Sterimar Nasal Spray gently clear excess mucus, moisturise nasal passages, and help flush out allergens or irritants without medication — suitable for longer-term use.

Antihistamines

Tablets like Piriteze Allergy Tablets can help relieve nasal congestion caused by allergies by reducing inflammation in nasal tissues.

When to see a doctor

See your GP if:

• Congestion lasts more than 10 days
• You have severe facial pain, swelling, or green/yellow discharge
• You develop a high fever
• Symptoms worsen after initial improvement
• You experience breathing difficulties or chest pain